Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by poor concentration, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. The onset of this disorder usually takes place in childhood and, for diagnostic purposes, should be diagnosed at the age of 12 or earlier. It normally starts in childhood and continues into adulthood. It leads to poor time management, poor performance at work or school, and difficulty sustaining stable personal relationships. ADHD is normally divided into three types: inattentive presentation, hyperactive/impulsive presentation, or combined presentation.
The child with inattentive ADHD does not follow through with tasks, has trouble concentrating, does not listen to instructions, cannot stick to a daily routine, has difficulty sitting still, and often cannot find things in the house. A child with hyperactivity or impulsivity type fidgets or taps hands or feet, talks excessively and blurts things out, has difficulty waiting for their turn, moves excessively, and feels restless. Sometimes ADHD symptoms may become prominent when the patient is already an adult. Normally, ADHD symptoms in childhood may be more noticeable than in adulthood. Although adults may not be as hyperactive, they can still have problems with impulsivity, restlessness, and attention.
Similar treatments are used to treat ADHD in both adults and children. Normally, stimulant medication is the treatment of choice. Additionally, psychotherapy helps too, as it is not uncommon to have co-occurring mental health disorders along with ADHD. Parent training, behavior interventions at home and school, support from teachers, and organizational skill training are a few treatment interventions for children with ADHD. The main idea is to provide a predictable routine that can be reinforced and replicated by the child. Structured sports provide discipline, guidance, predictability, and focus. Medications combined with behavioral interventions can yield effective positive changes in the child.
Although they frequently co-occur, mild delays in language, motor, or social development may accompany ADHD. Low tolerance for frustration, impatience, or mood instability may be some of the symptoms too. Academic or professional performance is frequently hindered even in the absence of a diagnosed learning disability. Individuals with ADHD may have cognitive issues on tests of attention, executive function, or memory.
ADHD is a neurobiological disorder that affects the prefrontal cortex. The reasons for this disorder are still being researched. However, some of the reasons may include genetics, traumatic head injury, prenatal exposure to environmental substances/chemicals may be a few factors.
April 20, 2023